Valve



L- B. JONES ET AL July 10, 1921s.A

VALVE Filed Aug. 5. 1920 Emi A l@ l l .Y

yprevent an excessive supply of- 'energy wheel ofthe turbine.V

A'n'iechanism being employed.

Patented July i0, i928.

ArtNr-is Fi C E LEEgB. `.ioNEs AND EDWARD H. WERZNER, or nyiiiisviiiiin,'minima AssIGNons To kSUNBEAM ELEcTRIciviANUFAoTURING COMPANY, oFEVANSVILLE, INDIANA, A

yconroRii'iIoN *or INDIANA.

VALVE.

` Application inea August 5,1920T `semi No. 401,538.'`

Our invention relates to valves andV it has Y vparticular relation,-although itis not limited, to devices of the character designated whichareemployed "in fluid` turbines. v y

In'fluidedrivcn machines, and particularly inmacliines attaininghigh'speeds, it'is very ldesirable that means be provided'whereby, uponthe lfailure `ofthe normal governing means,- the supply of; motive fluidwill be cut oli'.- In the'past many serious accidents .have resultedfromthe provision of inadequate safety device in this connection.

Because of the high speed attained in tu-rbines, the tendency for agoverning apparatus to become disarranged `and fail to function:properly is more frequent than votherwise,a nd itis essential thereforethat vineans'be provided which lare entirelyr inde# pendent ofth'epnormal governiii device to uid to the One object of our inventionis'to provide `vmeans whereby the above protection Vmay be obtained witha. minimum amount ofA addi'- tional apparatus, no complicated safety lInattaining this object we provide means whereby the 'motive fluid itselffunctions to 4 y l --valve-cagel-seat 19.Wliichfis of substantiallyrfrusto-conical forni having `itsflarger end close tliesupply when theamount of V'fluid vflowing toward the -energy Vwheel is in eX- icessofthattrequired for'safe operation.. In

other words the fluid itself acts, in part,fas

f a safety agent 'upon the falureiof theigovanced to-a slightdegree'and,.iipon`thebreakv ing, or other failure, of the apparatuspri'- inarilyv governing the movement of said'surfaces, the unbalanceoccasioned by the difference in areas causes the closing of the valveand the cutting-off of the fluid supply.

AAnother object of our invention is to so` embody a valve vand itsassociated valve cage in a turbine casing that the latter seatssnuglyover itsv entire lengthm said casing and may be quite simply andexpeditiously secured therein. To this end I form a valve cage seatsomewhat conical and so arrange the fluid inlet and outlet thereto thata valve cage conforming in conical shape to said .seat and havingannular channels formed thereon may be so positionedV within saidtembodied therein; and 'i Y Fig: 2 is an elevational sectional view ofseat thata fluid'c'hannel is provided for the v supply of said iiuid toan energy Wheel.

y,liurther objects of our iiivention,1aswelly .as a-'fullereXplanationof the above objectsfwill beapparent' from Ythe hereinafter`description lof our invention,"togetlier with the accompanying'drawings,"in which:

Fig; 1 is an"elevational,sectional view of a turbinecasing,'illustiating 'the manner in which ourjiinproved valve`cc'instructio'n is the valve-cage 'and associated parts, illustratingin detail the operation of' said valve.

turbiney casing 10 has shaft 171 passlQing therethrough onwhi'ch ismounted anV energy Wheel 12 carrying fluid receiving buckets 13. OnA theshaft "11 are mounted governing arms 14 whicli,`upon rotation of saidshaft, yfunction tov forceaniember 15 outwardly against the'actionz'of'k the spring 16. A lever 17 is pivotallyf ymounted within thecasing "andf has' 'socketedrtherein 'a ball 18 against whichfthe end ofthe member 15 Y contacts, whereby the lever is swung! upon an axisperpendicularjtotheplane of the paper..

, Formed within the turbine'casing, is a' l adjacent the Vvalve control'lever 17 and `4its smaller end adjacent vtheenergy :wheel 12.

4A valve cage 2() conforms vin shape tothe` seat 19 andV mayv be veryaccuratelytfitted i therein and thereafter'secured in place by bolts 21passing through a flange portionV '22 formed integrally with thevalv'ecage 20.

ply cliannel terminates in the seat 'portion 19 adjacent the annularchannel 23 and, as indicated., in dotted lines,l a fluid outlet 2Glwhich terminates vat one end adjacent the channel portion 24 and at itsother end'is adapted to supply the buckets 131 of 4the energy wheel 12.Inlet vports 27 'connect the annularspace 23 with the central chamberV25 vof the-valve cage and outlet ports2w8 con- Y* neet the chamber 2.5with the annular channel 24. v. v A valve stem 29 1s adapted toreciprocate y' within the valve cagel and has formed 'thereis securedinplaee yby upon pistons 30 and 31. It will be observed that the piston31 is slightly larger than the v piston-30 and that portion of thechamber 25 in which it reciprocates 1s of conform-` able 'diametraldimens'omsaid piston 31 be'- ing limited nin its movementto the Aleft bya shoulder 82 which is established because of the y difference inthefdiameters .of the two portions of. the chamber;251.:y An 'annularspace 33de comprised between" the Aend of thechamber'2l5:andthepistonO.V p

Y The lpressure insai" 1space373 andthat in theexhaust chamber 34 the,turbineare iequaliaed by."A the passage y of fluid through a centralpassage'l for/med, infthestem- 29,

Y this passage terminating, at the inner surface in plurality ofAopenings fthe stem 29, as -the former is pivotally moved f Yb'yconrtact of the'rod l5`and the ball 18.

This eye on yokeconnection is a Vvery de-V sirable feature ofthe yalvemechanism.. In the commercial manufacturev of the entire governingmechanism, it is almost "lmpos sible to 'make the jgovernorjand`governor Y stemfzrun `absolutely true;` Theyare out of round mor`elorless,V due, ,to Vthenecessary lclearne'ss between parts l that fittogether,

and thiscauses the lever =17 -to'vibrate niore or less. It isalsoimportant thatfthere be no side pressure on the valvestt-31h29 Whereit passes 'through packing 37, lVith the lever K loosely Amounted in theyoke, any vibration enistingin the lever isr not ltransmittedto thevalve5 nor is there a tendency to bind the Y valve stem in anydirection.

Positioned within the casing and adapted to obstruct the movement of thepiston 31 to the right isga pin 40 thenpurpose of which* will behereinafter described in connection with the 'operation of my improvedvalve During the normal operation of the tur-l binethe governor movestlie stem 29 through thelever 17 so that `the pistons 3Q Yand 31 controlthe opening of the ports 27 and `28 respectively. It will be noted thatthe inlet and out-let ports vare positionedl betweenfthe two pistonswhereby hereinafter-described ybeneficial results are obtained'.-

The'provision of the passage Vthrough the stem Q9 allows the exhaustVsteam pressure to actupontheoutside of both of theV pistons whereby verydesirable results are By5 'providing the obtained since the pressure of:the exhaust y steam is quite low, practically atmospherical. In casethegovernor becomes disarranged and therefore Vfails to1p'ro'pe1`*lyVcontrol the amount Ofsteamfedfto"theenergy wheel, serious consequencesmayfensu'e because of the excessive speed developed the K turbineHoweveigeven though the govern- Y ing mechanism fails entirely, theunbalancing of the valve because lof .the unequal areas of the insidesurfaces of the pistons 30 and 31 will cause the valvestem 29 to moveinstantly to theright until the piston j 31 is stopped by the pinflO.V.In thispositio'n of the stem, the piston 30 willclosethe'inlet port 27thus effectively cutting 'off-the: supply of steam to the turbine andpositively.

preventing any injuryto the machinef ,Un-

der normal conditions, ofcourse, thesteam supply tothe energy wheelA is.governed by.

the piston 31y cooperating wit-liilthe'outlet port28;` f 4 `From theabove description, it will be apparent'to those .skilled in the art thatVwe have'iprovided a positive-safety device whereby, uponthe governorvfailure, the.

steam pressure itself acts Vto closethe valve sociating Vthe safetymeans We haveentirely eliminated the need fori-springs, orNothercomplicated safety mechanism,v ,whichYV are always a source of trouble.lMoreover, zbe` `andato cut. off the steam supply. By so ascause of thefact that the steamf itself acts'fy i" upon; the jlarger area pistonthe/safety ac- U0 i j tion isentirely positive.

l' iMorefo'ver, theA constant urging, of the 'i .valve to therightmaintainsthe ball 18 inv contact with the steml 15 wherebyno lostino-- Vtion orslack occurs in the governing mechanism. Finally,becauseof the action fof the overbalancedvalve no springs are necessaryto` move the valve upon a reduction of speed,

the tendencyfof the valvevto moveto the` i fight' being Presentati alltmeswhen steam is admitted bet-Ween the pistons, and Vit being lnotedthat, when the turbineisstarted by such admission of steam, there-iseven` then an urging of the valve to the 'right,wherebyk the inletVis opened,

I While .we Vhave shown butone `embodi-Y ment. of our invention webelieve that the provisionof means lwhereby `the eXcess fluid pressureis itself operative to provide the required safety measures is entirelynovel and we desire, therefore, thatfour invention be interpretedbroadlyy and that it be limited onlyby the showing of the prior art andby the -scoperof the appendedclaims.

Having thus described our invention,fvvh`at we claim as new and V4desireto secure by Letters Patent 1s: Y*

y l. In ak turbine,-a fluid supply valve,

means for normally Vmovingsaid valve in -accordanee with'the speed ofsaid turbine, and

means vwhich is dependent entirely on the fluid pressure in saidyturbine for closing said valve upon the failure of saidy first Cri 2. Ina turbine, a'fluidl supply valve, governing means for normally movingsaid valve in one direction as therspeed increases to 'closethe' same,and means dependent solely on the fluid pressurefor closing said .valvein the'oppositeidirection when said .governor means fails. 'f A v 8. Inaturbine, a valve having a reciprocable stem, and means including pistons-on said stem wherebyV said valve constantly tends'v to move inonedirection, said pistons .having external surfaces subjected to equalunit pressures at all times.

Y 4f. Ina turbine, a valve havinga reciprocable stem, governingmechanism associated with said stem to'control its movement in eitherdirection as dictated by the speed of" said turbine, and means includingpistons on said stem wherebyasaid valve constantly tends to move in onedirection, said pistons havingexternal surfaces subjectedto equal'unit'pressures at all times.- y

5. In a turbine, a valve having a reciprocable stem, and means includingpistons on -Y .said stem whereby said valve constantly tends to move inone direction at all times, said last means operating to close saidvalve when said'governing mechanism fails, said pistons having externalsurfaces subjected to equal unit pressures at all times.

6. In a'. turbine, a valve for controlling the fluid supply to saidIturbine, a governor cooperating with said valve, and means oper- 4 atedby said fluid supply to close said valve upon the failure ofsaidgovernor.l

. 7. In a turbine, a valve comprisingran inlet and an outlet forcontrolling the fluid supply to `said turbine, a governor cooperatingwith said valve, and means whereby the fluid flowing through said inlet,auto'- matically closes the same upon the failure of said governor.

8. In a turbine, a source of fluid supply,

a valve for controlling the fluid supply to movable member so disposedtherein withv respect to the fiuid supply to said turbine that saidsupply is automatically cut off upon the failure of said governor'.

10. In a turbine, a source of fluid supply, a valve for controlling thefluid supply to -said turbine. a Governor coo eratinc with said valve,said valvehaving an unbalanced `movable, member so,y disposed thereinwith respect tothe fluid supply to saidk turbine thatfthe excessfluidsupply, uponthe failure of said governor, acts to close s 'aid vvalveirrespective of the pressure of said fluid, so

long assaid pressure ,exceeds the exhaust pressure of the turbine.i

l1. In a turbine, ajvalve comprisingy a wheel, respectively, a stemreciprocable in said chamber, pistons governing mechanism mechanicallyconnectedto saidstem asso-` ciatedwitli said stem and adapted to openand closesaid ports, means associated'with saidfstem for-substantiallyequalizing the pressure on the V.outside surface of saidpistons,v andvmeanscoinpr'ising the inner surfaces of saidfpistons 'for lunbalancingsaid pistons.

l2. In turbine, a valve comprising aA valve cage having a centralchamber and inlet and outlet ports connecting said central y chamber toarfluid supply and to an energy Wheel, respectively, a steinreciprocable in valve cage having a central chamber and yin- I letandoutlet ,ports connecting said centrali y chamber to a fiuid supply andtoan energyl saidchamber, pistons governing mechanism:`

mechanically connected to said stem associated with said stem, andadaptedy to open and close said ports, the working surfaces of saidpistons'being of different areas whereby f said valveis unbalanced yandmeans 'associated with. said stem for substantially equalizing thepressure. on the voutside surface of said pistons.

In a turbine, a 4valve comprisinga valve cage having a central chamberand inlet and outlet ports'connectingsaid chamber yto ra fluid supplyand to ,an energy wheel,xie spectii-'ely,a stem reciprocable in saidchamber, zpistons governing mechanism mechanically connected to saidstem on said'stem adapted to govern tlie'openin'g of said ports, andmeans for substantially equalizing the pressure on the outside surfaceof said pistons, the inside surfaces of the latter being of differentarea, whereby the valve tends to move in a definite direction.l

14. In a turbine, a valve comprising a valve cage having a centralchamber, a stem reciprocable in said chamber, pistons having differentdiameters associated with said stem,

' and means forming ports opening into said chamber between saidpistons, said ports functioning to deliver a motive fluid to saidturbine, and said pistons being so disposed that their external surfacesare subjected to equal unit pressures at all times.

15.' In a turbine, a valve comprising 'a valve cage having a centralchamber and in let and outletports connecting said chamber to a fluidsupply and to an energy wheel,

respectively, a stem reciprocable in said chamber, pistons on said ystemwherebyan annular chamber is formed by said cage,

iso y said pistons and Asaidi stem'whioh, in certain f, .positions ofrsaidgstem,\j connects fsaid inlet and outlet ports,- one'ofsaidrpistons.beingiso disposed onsaid stem that-an annularr'pressure-ehamber is formed between :the outside vsurface thereof andpsaldjcage,and a 'passage in vsaid stein extending from saidsurfaee to#theoutsidesurfaeefo the other-piston Whereby the pressures on saidsurfaeesare substan tiallyequalythe inside surface o'saidvpistons erentl,area .whereby the vvalve tn'ns," and fsaitl' stem which, in'certainp1/osi` i tioi of said stem, connects said inlet Vand fou tiofts one of'sa'idpistons beingl so dis# vposedo'n l stemthatfan.`annular pressure .16. n-a; turbine, a valve 'comprising va valvey cagehaving a 'central chamber f andin- `let and outlet ports connectingsaidchamber Lloa fluid supply audtor an energy Wheehreepeetiv-ilgastemreei'p'roeable' yin said eham- *l "ber,I p tons en 'said'st'emfwhereby anannug Y ar chamber is formed vby-eaid cage, said'pis-`eh'aiiberis OrInedfbetWQQn,the outside sur- Vfacetliereot and said;cage, and a passager-1n lsaid st'enrliavingragplui-a'lty ofnpeningsdis-A 'fdarou'nd said stem in the outside sur-l "i e of'said last-namedpiston, said passage =ter1`ninating at# its otherfend' inthe outsidesurface 'of the-otherk piston; I l

5117.1 In Va turbineygoverniiig mechanism, a

vvvalvecomprising au' valve cage having a cen'- `Y'otralchamli'erandinletf and outlet ports con- Ymeeting4 saidchfamber 'to a fluidsupply andto an energy Wheel,respectivelyra stem recipro- #cable 1inysaid Chamber, pistons mounted on said V'steini't'o #govern thefopeningfof said t porte, Vmeans compri-sing one 'of said :pistons:'u'fhreby- 'saidv valve :is closed upon the failure l0- Ament of said`stemin a' deiinite direction, and -v fof said governinginechanismbythemove fmeans `for limiting the move-mentzof said stem after thelclosure of saidvalve.

18. Inra turbine, governing mechanism, a valve-comprising av valve .cagehaving a eenvrtrai chamber andinlet andV outlet *portsficon-r netting;Vsaidehamber toa'rflui'd supply andA t0 anenergy Wheel, respectively, astem recipro- .cable in said chamber,l pistons mounted on .said stern"to governthe opening-ntf said f ports, means comprising*one,ofrsaidrpistons` Iwherei'iysaid valve Y i s Closedv upon the failure of.saidgoverning mechanism bythe movement of saidstem in adelinitedirection, and a piny onine turbine casing andprojeetingmovement of said eaid valve., ,t lil-In a turbine, lmeans cagesea't, yavvalvecage" 'seatedl therein, means iiuid outlet terminating in saidseat,v annular i depressed portions formed iny said .cageadjacent'theterlniuationof said fluid inlet and lsaidffiuid outlet, andmeans forming a eentral interior chamber in said cage communi-V eatingWithsaid annular portions.f

207. In a turbine, means forming-a; rusto-k conical. seat, a valve cageconforming to said seat, means orming a fluid` inlet and means forming a{iuid outlet terminating in vSaid 'LEBJONESQ EDWARD H. WERZNER.

into the path ofsaid pistons f'orflin'nting the-L stemqafter the,closure of lorming a` valveJv 60""V forming a vfluid; inlet andmeansform-i-ng a-y CERTFICATE 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,676,903. Granted July 10, 1928, to

LEE B. JONES ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2,line 40, for the word "clearness" read "elearanees"; page 3, lines 78,92, and 106, claims 11, 12, and 13, strike out the word "pistons" andinsert the same to follow after the word "stem" in lines 79, 93, and107, claims 11, 12, and 13, respectively; and that the said LettersPatent should be read with these corrections therein that the same mayconform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 28th day of August, A. D. '1928.

, M. J. Moore, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

